Search results for " coronary heart disease"
showing 10 items of 20 documents
Diagonal ear lobe crease and atherosclerosis : a review of the medical literature and dental implications
2011
In Spain a significant number of individuals die from atherosclerotic disease of the coronary and carotid arteries without having classic risk factors and prodromal symptoms. The diagonal ear lobe crease (DELC) has been characterized in the medical literature as a surrogate marker which can identify high risk patients having occult atherosclerosis. This topic however has not been examined in either the medical or dental literature emanating from Spain. The majority of clinical, angiography and postmortem reports support the premise that DELC is a valuable extravascular physical sign able to distinguish some patients at risk of succumbing to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. A minori…
Reduced In Vivo Aortic Uptake of Radiolabeled Oxidation-Specific Antibodies Reflects Changes in Plaque Composition Consistent With Plaque Stabilizati…
2004
Objective— Labeled oxidation-specific antibodies (Ox-AB) detect, quantify, and noninvasively image lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions. However, it is unknown whether Ox-AB detect plaque stabilization. Methods and Results— The aortic uptake of intravenously injected 125 I-MDA2 (Ox-AB to malondialdehyde [MDA]–low-density lipoprotein [LDL]) was quantitated in: (1) LDL receptor−/− mice with established atherosclerosis continued on Western diet (Progression) or switched to chow (Regression) or chow+vitamins E and C (Regression-VIT) for 6 months; and (2) Watanabe rabbits (3- to 57-months old) with naturally evolved atherosclerotic lesions. In mice, the Progression group had more extensive athero…
Obesity and Outcomes in COVID-19: When an Epidemic and Pandemic Collide.
2020
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and in much of the westernized world, contributing to considerable morbidity. Several of these obesity-related morbidities are associated with greater risk for death with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 penetrates human cells through direct binding with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors on the cell surface. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in adipose tissue is higher than that in lung tissue, which means that adipose tissue may be vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Obese patients also have worse outcomes with COVID-19 infection, including respiratory failure, n…
LDL apheresis in a homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic child aged 4.5.
1997
Preliminary experience with the efficacy and safety of dextran sulfate cellulose low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis for the treatment of a 4.5-year-old girl with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease is reported. The decrease of the most atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp [a]), were in the ranges of 63.1-68.7%, and 52.5-58.6%, respectively. The child tolerated LDL apheresis without any clinically significant complications. Therefore, she was submitted to a long-term program of treatment at intervals of 15 days. The experience suggests the possibility of an early beginning of extracorp…
Genome-Wide Association Study for Incident Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Heart Disease in Prospective Cohort Studies: The CHARGE Consortium
2016
Background Data are limited on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for incident coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, it is not known whether genetic variants identified to date also associate with risk of CHD in a prospective setting. Methods We performed a two-stage GWAS analysis of incident myocardial infarction (MI) and CHD in a total of 64,297 individuals (including 3898 MI cases, 5465 CHD cases). SNPs that passed an arbitrary threshold of 5×10−6 in Stage I were taken to Stage II for further discovery. Furthermore, in an analysis of prognosis, we studied whether known SNPs from former GWAS were associated with total mortality in individuals who experienced MI during follow-up. Res…
Cost-effectiveness of optimized adherence to prevention guidelines in European patients with coronary heart disease : results from the EUROASPIRE IV …
2018
Background: This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of optimized guideline adherence in patients with a history of coronary heart disease. Methods: An individual-based decision tree model was developed using the SMART risk score tool which estimates the 10-year risk for recurrent vascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD). Analyses were based on the EUROASPIRE IV survey. Outcomes were expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Data from 4663 patients from 13 European countries were included in the analyses. The mean estimated 10-year risk for a recurrent vascular event decreased from 20.13% to 18.61% after optimized guideline a…
Ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 mg versus simvastatin 40 mg in coronary heart disease patients
2010
BACKGROUND: Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the primary goal of therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: This double blind placebo-controlled study enrolled patients 18 to 75 years of age with primary hypercholesterolemia and establishedCHDwhowere taking a stable daily dose of simvastatin 20 mg. Patients were randomized to ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 mg (eze/simva; n 5 56) or simvastatin 40 mg (simva; n 5 56) for 6 weeks. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides were assessed by use of the Student t test. The percent of patients achieving L…
Longitudinal relationship between B-type natriuretic peptide and anxiety in coronary heart disease patients with depression.
2018
Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) suffer from physical limitations, but also from psychological distress. Natriuretic peptides may be involved in the neurobiological processes that modulate psychological adaptation, as they are increased in heart disease and seem to have an anxiolytic-like function. Longitudinal data on this association are scarce.To assess the relationship between NT-proBNP and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), we used secondary data from a multicenter trial from baseline to 24 months. Patients (N = 308, 80.8% male, mean age 60.1 years) had stable CHD and moderate levels of depression (HADS ≥8).Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex…
Influence of Calendar Period on the Association Between BMI and Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis of 31 Cohorts
2013
Objective: The association between obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD) may have changed over time, for example due to improved pharmacological treatment of CHD risk factors. This meta-analysis of 31 prospective cohort studies explores the influence of calendar period on CHD risk associated with body mass index (BMI). Design and Methods: The relative risks (RRs) of CHD for a five-BMI-unit increment and BMI categories were pooled by means of random effects models. Meta-regression analysis was used to examine the influence of calendar period (>1985 v 1985) in univariate and multivariate analyses (including mean population age as a covariate). Results: The age, sex, and smoking adjusted RR…
Comparison of genetic risk prediction models to improve prediction of coronary heart disease in two large cohorts of the MONICA/KORA study
2021
Abstract It is still unclear how genetic information, provided as single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can be most effectively integrated into risk prediction models for coronary heart disease (CHD) to add significant predictive value beyond clinical risk models. For the present study, a population‐based case‐cohort was used as a trainingset (451 incident cases, 1488 noncases) and an independent cohort as testset (160 incident cases, 2749 noncases). The following strategies to quantify genetic information were compared: A weighted genetic risk score including Metabochip SNPs associated with CHD in the literature (GRSMetabo); selection of the most predictive SNPs among these literature‐co…